Caching results of computations for later use#

These examples were provided by Florian Ziemen (ziemen@dkrz.de) for use on the Levante Supercomputer of DKRZ. Some of the ideas were contributed by Lukas Kluft and Tobi Kölling, and others. The examples are by no means meant to be perfect. They should just provide some input on how things can be done.

Copyright 2022 Florian Ziemen / DKRZ

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Preparations#

[1]:
# basics
import intake
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr
import dask  # memory-efficient parallel computation and delayed execution (lazy evaluation).


# fewer red warnings
import warnings, matplotlib

warnings.simplefilter(action="ignore", category=FutureWarning)
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=matplotlib.cbook.mplDeprecation)

Paths for data cache#

We create a data cache in our /scratch/ directory. Data there will be deleted automatically after two weeks. This way, we can cache things and the cache is automatically purged after a while.

[2]:
%run gem_helpers.ipynb # see https://easy.gems.dkrz.de/Processing/Intake/gem_helpers.html
[3]:
data_cache_path = make_tempdir("intake_demo_data")
print("Caching results in", data_cache_path)
Caching results in /scratch/k/k202134/intake_demo_data

Helper function for caching and loading#

[4]:
def cache_data(data, filename):
    cache_file = os.path.join(data_cache_path, filename)
    if not os.access(cache_file, os.R_OK):
        data = data.compute()
        data.to_netcdf(cache_file)
    else:
        if type(data) == xr.core.dataarray.DataArray:
            data = xr.open_dataarray(cache_file)
        else:
            data = xr.open_dataset(cache_file)
    return data

The catalog containing all the data#

[5]:
catalog_file = "/work/ka1081/Catalogs/dyamond-nextgems.json"
[6]:
cat = intake.open_esm_datastore(catalog_file)
cat

ICON-ESM catalog with 130 dataset(s) from 88823 asset(s):

unique
variable_id 546
project 2
institution_id 12
source_id 19
experiment_id 4
simulation_id 12
realm 5
frequency 12
time_reduction 4
grid_label 7
level_type 9
time_min 918
time_max 1094
grid_id 3
format 1
uri 88813
[7]:
# a somewhat closer look at the catalog using get_from_cat
get_from_cat(cat, ["project", "source_id", "experiment_id", "simulation_id"])
[7]:
project source_id experiment_id simulation_id
0 DYAMOND_WINTER ARPEGE-NH-2km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
1 DYAMOND_WINTER GEM DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
2 DYAMOND_WINTER GEOS-1km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
3 DYAMOND_WINTER GEOS-3km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
4 DYAMOND_WINTER GEOS-6km DW-CPL r1i1p1f1
5 DYAMOND_WINTER ICON-NWP-2km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
6 DYAMOND_WINTER ICON-SAP-5km DW-ATM dpp0014
7 DYAMOND_WINTER ICON-SAP-5km DW-CPL dpp0029
8 DYAMOND_WINTER IFS-4km DW-CPL r1i1p1f1
9 DYAMOND_WINTER IFS-9km DW-CPL r1i1p1f1
10 DYAMOND_WINTER NICAM-3km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
11 DYAMOND_WINTER NICAM-3km DW-CPL r1i1p1f1
12 DYAMOND_WINTER SAM2-4km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
13 DYAMOND_WINTER SCREAM-3km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
14 DYAMOND_WINTER SHiELD-3km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
15 DYAMOND_WINTER UM-5km DW-ATM r1i1p1f1
16 NextGEMS ICON-ESM Cycle2-alpha dpp0066
17 NextGEMS ICON-ESM Cycle2-alpha dpp0067
18 NextGEMS ICON-SAP-5km Cycle1 dpp0052
19 NextGEMS ICON-SAP-5km Cycle1 dpp0054
20 NextGEMS ICON-SAP-5km Cycle1 dpp0065
21 NextGEMS IFS-FESOM2-4km Cycle1 hlq0
22 NextGEMS IFS-NEMO-4km Cycle1 hmrt
23 NextGEMS IFS-NEMO-9km Cycle1 hmt0
24 NextGEMS IFS-NEMO-DEEPon-4km Cycle1 hmwz

Selecting ‘tas’ for two simulations from the catalog#

[8]:
var = "tas"
hits = cat.search(simulation_id=["dpp0066", "dpp0067"], variable_id=[var])
hits

ICON-ESM catalog with 2 dataset(s) from 479 asset(s):

unique
variable_id 37
project 1
institution_id 1
source_id 1
experiment_id 1
simulation_id 2
realm 1
frequency 1
time_reduction 1
grid_label 1
level_type 1
time_min 406
time_max 406
grid_id 1
format 1
uri 479

Loading the data into xarray#

[9]:
# a dictionary containing all datasets in this match
dataset_dict = hits.to_dataset_dict(
    cdf_kwargs={
        "chunks": dict(
            time=4,
            height=1,
        )
    }
)
# The chunks thing is important to prevent python from loading waaaaay to much data at a time and thus crashing.

--> The keys in the returned dictionary of datasets are constructed as follows:
        'project.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.simulation_id.realm.frequency.time_reduction.grid_label.level_type'
100.00% [2/2 00:16<00:00]

A first look at the contents#

[10]:
for name, data in dataset_dict.items():
    print(name, "\n\n", data, "\n\n\n\n")
NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0067.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml

 <xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:   (time: 3458, height_2: 1, ncells: 83886080)
Coordinates:
  * height_2  (height_2) float64 2.0
  * time      (time) float64 2.02e+07 2.02e+07 2.02e+07 ... 2.02e+07 2.02e+07
Dimensions without coordinates: ncells
Data variables:
    tas       (time, height_2, ncells) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(4, 1, 83886080), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes: (12/14)
    title:                   ICON simulation
    references:              see MPIM/DWD publications
    number_of_grid_used:     39
    uuidOfHGrid:             e85b34ae-6577-11eb-81a9-93127e10b90d
    history:                 ./icon at 20220219 165833\n./icon at 20220219 23...
    grid_file_uri:           http://icon-downloads.mpimet.mpg.de/grids/public...
    ...                      ...
    source:                  icon-dkrz\tgit@gitlab.dkrz.de:icon/icon-dkrz.git...
    institution:             Max Planck Institute for Meteorology/Deutscher W...
    comment:                 Daniel Klocke (m218027) on l30783 (Linux 4.18.0-...
    Conventions:             CF-1.6
    CDO:                     Climate Data Operators version 1.9.10 (https://m...
    intake_esm_dataset_key:  NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0067.atm...




NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0066.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml

 <xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:   (time: 19488, height_2: 1, ncells: 20971520)
Coordinates:
  * height_2  (height_2) float64 2.0
  * time      (time) float64 2.02e+07 2.02e+07 2.02e+07 ... 2.021e+07 2.021e+07
Dimensions without coordinates: ncells
Data variables:
    tas       (time, height_2, ncells) float32 dask.array<chunksize=(4, 1, 20971520), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes: (12/13)
    title:                   ICON simulation
    references:              see MPIM/DWD publications
    number_of_grid_used:     15
    uuidOfHGrid:             0f1e7d66-637e-11e8-913b-51232bb4d8f9
    history:                 ./icon at 20220218 173036\n./icon at 20220218 20...
    grid_file_uri:           http://icon-downloads.mpimet.mpg.de/grids/public...
    ...                      ...
    intake_esm_varname:      ['tas']
    source:                  icon-dkrz\tgit@gitlab.dkrz.de:icon/icon-dkrz.git...
    institution:             Max Planck Institute for Meteorology/Deutscher W...
    comment:                 Rene Redler (m300083) on l40544 (Linux 4.18.0-30...
    Conventions:             CF-1.6
    intake_esm_dataset_key:  NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0066.atm...




Adding grid information#

[11]:
# to plot, we need to associate a grid file with the data. The easiest way is to get the info from the grid_file_uri attribute in the data.
data_dict = {}
for name, dataset in dataset_dict.items():
    print(name)
    grid_file_path = "/pool/data/ICON" + dataset.grid_file_uri.split(".de")[1]
    grid_data = xr.open_dataset(grid_file_path).rename(
        cell="ncells"
    )  # the dimension has different names in the grid file and in the output.
    data = xr.merge((dataset, grid_data))
    fix_time_axis(data)
    data_dict[name] = data
NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0067.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml
NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0066.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml
[12]:
# A brief overview of our data
for name, data in data_dict.items():
    pass
data[var]
[12]:
<xarray.DataArray 'tas' (time: 19488, height_2: 1, ncells: 20971520)>
dask.array<concatenate, shape=(19488, 1, 20971520), dtype=float32, chunksize=(4, 1, 20971520), chunktype=numpy.ndarray>
Coordinates:
  * height_2  (height_2) float64 2.0
  * time      (time) datetime64[ns] 2020-01-20 ... 2021-02-28T23:30:00.000115200
    clon      (ncells) float64 ...
    clat      (ncells) float64 ...
Dimensions without coordinates: ncells
Attributes:
    standard_name:                tas
    long_name:                    temperature in 2m
    units:                        K
    param:                        0.0.0
    CDI_grid_type:                unstructured
    number_of_grid_in_reference:  1

Computing time averages#

[13]:
# Lazy evaluation in dask means computations are only performed when the result is used.

for data in data_dict.values():
    data["tas"].mean(
        dim="time"
    )  # no actual work is done yet due to dask lazy evaluation.

Caching time-averaged data for subsequent use#

[14]:
# Computing the average March TAS and storing it to a netcdf file for later use.
# This will be slow on the first run, but fast on any subsequent one.
# See helpers at top for implementation
for (name, data) in data_dict.items():
    tas_mar = data["tas"].isel(time=(data.time.dt.month == 3)).mean(dim="time")
    tas_mar = cache_data(tas_mar, f"tas_mar_{name}.nc")
    print(f"Min (tas) for {name} is {tas_mar.max().values}")
Min (tas) for NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0067.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml is 309.189208984375
Min (tas) for NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0066.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml is 308.2714538574219
[15]:
for (name, data) in data_dict.items():
    tas_mar = data["tas"].isel(time=(data.time.dt.month == 3)).mean(dim="time")
    tas_mar = cache_data(tas_mar, f"tas_mar_{name}.nc")
    print(f"Max (tas) for {name} is {tas_mar.max().values}")
Max (tas) for NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0067.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml is 309.189208984375
Max (tas) for NextGEMS.MPI-M.ICON-ESM.Cycle2-alpha.dpp0066.atm.30minute.mean.gn.ml is 308.2714538574219